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CNN —New analyses of the longest clinical trial yet of the weight-loss drug Wegovy are shedding light on how quickly it helps people lose weight, how long they sustain that weight loss and how safe the medicine is over four years of use. A previous clinical trial showed even greater average weight loss for Wegovy: about 15% on average over 68 weeks, compared with 2.4% for people who got a placebo. It was sustained for up to four yearsThe results showed that the 10% average weight loss for people using Wegovy was sustained for up to 208 weeks, or four years. Patients stayed on the medicine while they sustained the weight loss. Almost 23% of people on Wegovy lost at least 15% of their body weight, compared with 1.7% on a placebo.
Persons: Wegovy, , , Harlan Krumholz, Dr, Donna Ryan, Eli Lilly, wasn’t, they’d, Daniel Drucker, it’s, John Deanfield, Krumholz, Drucker, GLP, Sanjay Gupta Organizations: CNN, Yale University, Yale New Haven Hospital, drugmaker, Nordisk, Novo Nordisk, European, Obesity, Nature, Pennington Biomedical Research, University of Toronto, University College London, CNN Health Locations: Baton Rouge , Louisiana, Novo
Among people diagnosed with Alzheimer’s, researchers recognize familial forms of the disease and sporadic cases. This shifting appreciation of inherited risk, researchers say, is due to a better understanding of the role of a fourth gene that carries the blueprints to make a lipid-carrying protein called apolipoprotein E, known as APOE. One known as APOE2 is thought to be protective against the development of Alzheimer’s disease. They also compared people with two copies of APOE4 to people with other inherited forms of the disease — early-onset autosomal dominant Alzheimer’s disease (ADAD) and Down syndrome-associated Alzheimer’s disease (DSAD). Gene testing isn’t currently recommendedIt is also likely to change how people who carry the APOE4 gene are diagnosed and treated.
Persons: APOE4, , Dr, Juan Fortea, Sant, Fortea, Charles Bernick, Bernick, Alzheimer’s wasn’t, isn’t, they’re, ” Fortea, Sanjay Gupta, Reisa Sperling, , ” Sperling, ” Dr, Sterling Johnson, Johnson Organizations: CNN, Nature, National Alzheimer’s Coordinating, Neurology, Hospital de, Cleveland Clinic Lou, Brain Health, CNN Health, Alzheimer’s Research, Brigham, Women’s, Alzheimer’s, University of Wisconsin Locations: Alzheimer’s, Spain, United States, Santa, Barcelona, Wisconsin
Prenosis' tool, called Sepsis ImmunoScore, uses 22 different parameters like temperature, heart rate and cell counts to help clinicians assess a patient's risk of sepsis, the company told CNBC. While Prenosis is the first company to receive FDA approval for its AI diagnostic tool for sepsis, several organizations have built and released similar solutions. Epic's sepsis model is used in hundreds of hospitals across the U.S., according to a 2021 study published in JAMA Internal Medicine. Even so, Epic reportedly overhauled its sepsis model the following year in an attempt to improve its performance, according to Stat News. Prenosis said it worked to demonstrate the safety and efficacy of Sepsis ImmunoScore to the FDA for around 18 months.
Persons: ImmunoScore, Prenosis Organizations: U.S . Food, Drug Administration, Wednesday, Centers for Disease Control, CNBC, Johns Hopkins University, Nature Medicine, Systems, Stat News, FDA Locations: U.S, White Oak , Maryland, Chicago
Only 3% to 5% of people who are diagnosed with this type of brain tumor will be alive three years later. Now, an experimental therapy that reprograms a person’s own immune cells to attack these tumors is showing some exciting promise. Doctors first harvested immune fighters called T-cells from his blood and then genetically modified them in a lab so they’d recognize and bind to specific proteins on the surface of the brain tumor cells. After a single 10-milliliter infusion of about 10 million CAR-T cells, Fraser’s tumor began to shrink. Three-quarters of the participants had had their brain tumors come back at least twice.
Persons: , Otis Brawley, , they’ll, ” Brawley, Tom Fraser, Brigham, Debbie Fraser, Fraser, He’s, Marcela Maus, ” Fraser, Maus, , ” Maus, Christine Brown, ’ Brown, ” Brown, hasn’t, Brown, Dr, Donald O’Rourke, “ They’re, O’Rourke, ” O’Rourke, Sanjay Gupta, you’re, they’re, it’s Organizations: CNN, Johns Hopkins University, American Cancer Society, City of Hope Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, Massachusetts General, Mass, New England, of Medicine, Doctors, Mass General Cancer Center, Tv3, Cell Therapeutics Research, of, Nature, Penn, Excellence, University of Pennsylvania Perlman School of Medicine, CNN Health Locations: City, Duarte , California, Massachusetts, Rochester , New York, Boston, of Hope, Hope
All five adults had growth hormone deficiency as children and received pituitary growth hormones prepared in a specific way from cadavers. The treatment approach was discontinued after cases of a rare brain disorder called Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease were found to be associated with the administration of contaminated human growth hormone from cadavers. Although Alzheimer’s is not a prion disease, some separate research suggests that the two proteins that are hallmarks in Alzheimer’s disease — amyloid beta and tau — behave like prions. “This study suggests that in very rare circumstances Alzheimer’s disease may be transmitted between humans via human growth hormone from deceased donors. “I’m also intrigued by how these results may inform potential therapeutic targets and strategies in the future,” Isaacson said, regarding Alzheimer’s disease.
Persons: John Collinge, Jakob, Creutzfeldt – Jakob, Alzheimer’s, ” Collinge, , , ” Dr, Susan Kohlhaas, ” Kohlhaas, “ It’s, Dr, Richard Isaacson, , Isaacson, “ I’m, ” Isaacson, , Gargi Banerjee, ” Banerjee, James Galvin, Sanjay Gupta, ” Galvin, Lewy Organizations: CNN, Nature, University College London Institute, University College London, National Hospital for Neurology, Neurosurgery, Alzheimer’s Research, Science Media, Comprehensive, Brain Health, University of Miami Health, CNN Health Locations: United Kingdom, United States, United, Florida, UHealth, Creutzfeldt
These are just a few of the ways that public health has been impacted and compounded by climate change - a focus for the first time ever at the annual U.N. climate summit COP28. Here's how climate change is harming people's health across the world today, and what countries might expect in the future. Floods in Pakistan last year, for example, led to a 400%increase in malaria cases in the country, the report said. MURKY WATERSStorms and flooding wrought by climate change are allowing other infectious water-borne diseases to proliferate as well. Diarrhoea, too, receives a boost from climate change, with increasingly erratic rainfall - resulting in either wet or dry conditions - yielding a higher risk, research has found.
Persons: Alexandros Avramidis, Martin Edlund, Gloria Dickie, Alexander Cornwall, Katy Daigle, Diane Craft Organizations: REUTERS, Rights, World Health Organization, WHO, Nature Medicine, American Thoracic Society, Reuters, Thomson Locations: Evros, Greece, West Nile, Brazil, Bangladesh, Pakistan, Africa, United States
In a new study, Gauthier was surgically implanted with an experimental spinal cord neuroprosthesis to correct walking disorders in people with Parkinson’s disease. Marc Gauthier, 63, who has Parkinson's disease, was treated with a spinal cord neuroprosthesis for his locomotor symptoms. Then, Gauthier was invited to participate in the new study to test the experimental spinal cord neuroprosthesis. Next, they implanted an array of electrodes against the lower region of Gauthier’s spinal cord to target those zones. “With this spinal cord stimulation, we still have an effect, but we have to fight against worse and more severe symptoms,” Bloch said.
Persons: Marc Gauthier, Gauthier, ” Gauthier, Dr, Eduardo Moraud, ” Moraud, Gilles Weber, CHUV Gauthier, Jocelyn Bloch, ” Bloch, , Svjetlana, Miocinovic, David Dexter, Parkinson’s, Dexter, Sanjay Gupta, Moraud, Michael J, Bloch, Grégoire, ” Courtine, Organizations: CNN, Nature, Lausanne University Hospital, Emory University School of Medicine, Parkinson’s, Science Media, DBS, CNN Health, Fox Foundation, Medical Locations: Bordeaux, France, Switzerland, Netherlands
By comparison, a group of people who also dieted and exercised, but then received dummy shots, lost weight initially but then regained some, researchers reported Sunday in the journal Nature Medicine. Participants in both groups lost about 7% of their body weight, or almost 17 pounds (8 kilograms), during the diet-and-exercise phase. Those who received the drug went on to lose an additional 18.4% of initial body weight, or about 44 pounds (20 kilograms) more, on average. Nearly 29% of those taking the drug lost at least a quarter of their body weight, compared with just over 1% of those taking placebo. Side effects including nausea, diarrhea and constipation were reported more frequently in people taking the drug than those taking the placebo.
Persons: Mounjaro, , Thomas Wadden, Eli Lilly, it's, Caroline Apovian, wasn't, tirzepatide, , Lilly Organizations: Nature, University, Pennsylvania, Brigham, Women's, Novo Nordisk, U.S . Food, Drug Administration, Associated Press Health, Science Department, Howard Hughes Medical Institute’s Science, Educational Media Group, AP Locations: U.S,
MDMA Therapy Inches Closer to Approval
  + stars: | 2023-09-14 | by ( Rachel Nuwer | ) www.nytimes.com   time to read: +1 min
MDMA-assisted therapy seems to be effective in reducing symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder, according to a study published on Thursday. The research is the final trial conducted by MAPS Public Benefit Corporation, a company that is developing prescription psychedelics. It plans to submit the results to the Food and Drug Administration as part of an application for approval to market MDMA, the psychedelic drug, as a treatment for PTSD, when paired with talk therapy. If approved, “MDMA-assisted therapy would be the first novel treatment for PTSD in over two decades,” said Berra Yazar-Klosinski, the senior author of the study, which was published in Nature Medicine, and the chief scientific officer at the company. “PTSD patients can feel some hope.”PTSD affects about 5 percent of the adult population of the United States each year.
Persons: , Berra Yazar, Stephen Xenakis Organizations: Public, Corporation, Food and Drug Administration, Nature Medicine, Psychedelic Practitioners Association Locations: United States
The psychedelic drug MDMA can reduce symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder, researchers reported in a new study published Thursday. “It’s the first innovation in PTSD treatment in more than two decades. Political Cartoons View All 1160 ImagesCommon side effects in the MDMA group were muscle tightness, nausea, decreased appetite and sweating. But only one person in the MDMA group dropped out of the study. After treatment, 86% of the MDMA group improved on a standard PTSD assessment compared to 69% of the placebo group.
Persons: , Amy Emerson, Barbara Rothbaum, ” Rothbaum Organizations: Corporation, Multidisciplinary, for Psychedelic Studies, Emory Healthcare Veterans Program, Nature, Food and Drug Administration, Drug, Associated Press Health, Science Department, Howard Hughes Medical Institute’s Science, Educational Media Group, AP Locations: Australia, U.S, Atlanta
So if people are less likely to be hospitalized or die from a Covid-19 infection now, has the danger passed? Through genetic bad luck, some people may just be at higher risk of serious reactions to Covid-19 infections, and they probably wouldn’t know it. Researchers defined it as any new or continuing symptoms more than 90 days after a Covid-19 infection. Based on his experience treating long Covid patients, Griffin said that the percentage reported in the Australian paper seems high. Earlier in the pandemic, pediatric infectious disease specialists were on the lookout for a rare complication of Covid-19 infection in kids called multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children, or MIS-C.MIS-C starts two to six weeks after a Covid-19 infection.
Persons: CNN —, we’ve, aren’t, Good, , Megan Ranney, Covid, ” Ranney, that’s, Evusheld, haven’t, you’ve, they’re, They’re, Mandy Cohen, It’s, , Jesse Bloom, Daniel Griffin, it’s ‘, Griffin, , Peter Chin, Chin, Hong, Nathaniel Hendrix, Hendrix, it’s, hasn’t, she’s, Kristin Englund, shouldn’t, Dr, Sanjay Gupta, “ It’s, Ellie Murray, ” Murray Organizations: CNN, US Centers for Disease Control, Yale School of Public Health, Covid, National Institutes of Health, FDA, US Department of Health, Human Services, CDC, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, HHS, Columbia University, University of California, Census Bureau, Nature Medicine, American Board of Family Medicine, Nature, Veterans Affairs, Cleveland Clinic, CNN Health, Boston University School of Public Health Locations: South Africa, Botswana, United States, China, Seattle, Israel, Denmark, United Kingdom, Portugal, US, Switzerland, Thailand, Australia, San Francisco, Ohio
These health problems include heart problems, blood clots, diabetes, neurologic complications, fatigue and difficulties with mental health and have come to be known collectively as long Covid. That means long Covid creates a higher burden of disability than either heart disease or cancer, which cause about 52 and 50 DALYs for every 1,000 Americans, respectively, according to the Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation’s Global Burden of Disease study. Studies have since shown that vaccination and early treatment can help curb long covid risk. That may have resulted in some people being included in the control group when they should have been in the infection group. “Our findings highlight the substantial cumulative burden of health loss due to long Covid, and emphasize the ongoing need for health care for those faced with long Covid,” said Al-Aly.
Persons: DALY, weren’t, , Ziyad Al, Aly, “ That’s, Dr, Sanjay Gupta, Al Organizations: CNN —, Institute for Health Metrics, Veterans Affairs, Louis Health Care, Nature, CNN, CNN Health
Reinfection and long CovidThe chances you will get long Covid from a reinfection are fairly unpredictable — several experts interviewed for this story used the metaphor of Russian roulette. The milder your symptoms, the less likely you are to get long Covid, said Dr. Peter Chin-Hong, an infectious disease specialist at the University of California, San Francisco. But every time you get infected, no matter the severity, there is always a chance that you can develop longer-term symptoms. Dr. Sala said he frequently sees patients who were more or less fine after their first couple of infections wind up with long Covid in the wake of a third or fourth infection. Still, it’s not a foregone conclusion that reinfection definitively raises the risk of long Covid, said Fikadu Tafesse, a virologist at Oregon Health & Science University.
Persons: Peter Chin, Ziyad Al, Aly, Sala, that’s, , it’s, reinfection, Fikadu Tafesse, Organizations: University of California, Nature Medicine, U.S . Department of Veterans Affairs, Louis Healthcare, Oregon Health & Science University Locations: San Francisco, St
Nicholas thought he’d be playing for life, but the music stopped for him one night in 2017. About a year after his stroke and after months of PT, his doctors thought that was about all the progress he’d make. After a few months, Nicholas started to realize that the device was helping. He estimates that he’s 40% to 50% better than after physical therapy alone. “I had hope.”Machado believes that deep brain stimulation, in addition to physical therapy, could help improve movement for many more people even years after a stroke.
Persons: Stan Nicholas, Nicholas, he’d, couldn’t, ” Nicholas, it’s, , Dr, Andre Machado, Cleveland Clinic, , , Machado, ” Machado,  Nicholas, didn’t, we’ll, Nicholas ’, Sanjay Gupta Organizations: CNN, Nature, CNN Movement, Cleveland, CNN Health Locations: Cleveland, United States
The Ongoing Mystery of Covid’s Origin
  + stars: | 2023-07-25 | by ( David Quammen | ) www.nytimes.com   time to read: +5 min
But as the researchers describe it, these apparent contradictions were simply a reflection of their fast-evolving views. It showed that such an RBD had evolved in the wild and might well have gotten into SARS-CoV-2 by recombination, the natural gene-swapping process. The genome was 96.2 percent identical to the SARS-CoV-2 genome as sampled from people during the early days of the pandemic. RaTG13 has attained renown, not just because it constituted strong evidence of SARS-CoV-2’s ancestry in bat viruses but also because the Mojiang mine figures in some of the more lurid scenarios for a lab-leak origin. The inference is that Shi’s team, a year after the mine workers died, may have taken the virus back to Wuhan.
Persons: Andersen, , Slack, Matt Wong, ” Andersen, Zhengli Shi, Shi, RaTG13 Organizations: Twitter, Nature, Wuhan Institute of Virology Locations: Houston, Yunnan Province, Wuhan, Tongguan, Mojiang, Yunnan
CNN —As swaths of southern Europe continue to swelter under a deadly heat wave, for many outdoor workers, it’s turning into a brutal endurance test. “When it comes to protecting the health of outdoor workers during extreme heat events, there are really just three fundamental pieces — water, shade and rest,” Dahl told CNN last week. Yet some experts say many countries are far from prepared for dealing with extreme heat. Extreme heat also reveals a deep divide in the labor market, between those forced to be outside and those able to retreat to air-conditioned offices, the report added. Many workers in the global supply chain will be highly vulnerable to climate change impacts like heat, Parsons said.
Persons: Marina Calderone, Simona Granati, , Stelios Misinas, , Laurie Parsons, Kristina Dahl, ” Dahl, Parsons Organizations: CNN, Acropolis, Reuters, Royal Holloway, University of London, , Union of Concerned, European Trade Union Institute, European Union, Nature Medicine Locations: Europe, Rome, Naples, Italy, Greece, Athens, Saronida, Italian, Lodi, Royal
More than 61,000 people died because of last year’s brutal summer heat waves across Europe, according to a study published on Monday in the journal Nature Medicine. The findings suggest that two decades of efforts in Europe to adapt to a hotter world have failed to keep up with the pace of global warming. “In an ideal society, nobody should die because of heat,” said Joan Ballester, a research professor at the Barcelona Institute for Global Health and the study’s lead author. This summer is likely to be even worse: On top of climate change, the Earth has entered a natural El Niño weather pattern during summer for the first time in four years, bringing about conditions that will turn up the heat in many parts of the world. The season is already shattering various global temperature records.
Persons: , Joan Ballester Organizations: Nature Medicine, Barcelona Institute, Global Health Locations: Europe
CNN —Nearly 62,000 people died heat-related deaths last year during Europe’s hottest summer on record, a new study has found — more heartbreaking evidence that heat is a silent killer, and its victims are vastly under-counted. Of the nearly 62,000 deaths analyzed, heat-related mortality rate was 63% higher in women than in men. “The acceleration of warming observed over the last 10 years underlines the urgent need to reassess and substantially strengthen prevention plans,” Achebak said. Heat deaths have outpaced hurricane deaths in the country by more than 8-to-1 over the past decade, according to data tracked by the National Weather Service. Yet the United States’ heat mortality numbers would suggest that far fewer people are dying from heat than in Europe.
Persons: , Joan Ballester, Ballester, , Matt Dunham, , Hicham Achebak, ” Achebak, Ricardo Rubio, David S, Jones, “ There’s, ” Jones, ” John Balbus, Greenlee Beal, Balbus, Biden, “ We’re, ” Balbus Organizations: CNN, Nature Medicine, Eurostat, Guard, Europa Press, National Weather Service, Centers for Disease Control, Harvard University, Health Equity, US Department of Health, Human Services, CDC Locations: Europe, Italy, Spain, Germany, ISGlobal, Buckingham, London, Madrid, United States, France, American, Chicago, Eagle Pass , Texas, U.S
He seems to have been protected by a rare gene change that enhanced the function of a protein that helps nerve cells communicate. Scientists say that understanding how this gene change defended his brain may help prevent Alzheimer’s in other people. “Another big insight from this case is, it seems like maybe you don’t need this everywhere in the brain,” Arboleda-Velasquez said. This is the pathway that is important for extreme protection against Alzheimer’s,’ ” Arboleda-Velasquez said. The sister of the man in the new study also shared the rare protective gene change, and it helped her, but not as much.
Some doctors are urging patients to cut back their consumption of sugar substitutes as questions mount about their health effects. In the latest study, published February in the journal Nature Medicine, Cleveland Clinic researchers found that the commonly used zero-calorie sweetener erythritol was associated with an increased risk of heart attacks, strokes and death within three years.
Some doctors are urging patients to cut back their consumption of sugar substitutes as questions mount about their health effects. In the latest study, published February in the journal Nature Medicine, Cleveland Clinic researchers found that the commonly used zero-calorie sweetener erythritol was associated with an increased risk of heart attacks, strokes and death within three years.
CNN —A sugar replacement called erythritol — used to add bulk or sweeten stevia, monkfruit and keto reduced-sugar products — has been linked to blood clotting, stroke, heart attack and death, according to a study. “If your blood level of erythritol was in the top 25% compared to the bottom 25%, there was about a two-fold higher risk for heart attack and stroke,” Hazen said. Clots can break off and travel to the heart, triggering a heart attack, or to the brain, triggering a stroke. “There appears to be a clotting risk from using erythritol,” Freeman said. In all three populations, researchers found that higher levels of erythritol were connected to a greater risk of heart attack, stroke or death within three years.
Persons: , Stanley Hazen, ” Hazen, , erythritol, Andrew Freeman, ” Freeman, Robert Rankin, ” Rankin, Hazen, “ It’s, Erythritol, Hazen’s, Oliver Jones, ” Jones, You’ll, Health’s Freeman Organizations: CNN, Center for Cardiovascular Diagnostics, Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research Institute, People, Nature, Jewish Health, European Association of Polyol, Cleveland Clinic’s Center, Human, RMIT University, National Health, European Food Safety Authority, Food and Drug Administration Locations: Denver, United States, Europe, erythritol, Australia
Murray, director of the Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, pointed out there were likely billions of omicron infections worldwide this year, but no new Covid variant has emerged, only subvariants of omicron. “That’s why I would put the risk as quite low that there is a dangerous new variant in China,” he said. The U.S., Japan and a few other countries this week subsequently announced new Covid testing requirements for travelers from China. China’s National Health Commission said Sunday it would stop releasing daily information on Covid infections and deaths. Covid testing is no longer mandatory in China.
According to the group's projections, cases in China would peak around April 1, when deaths would reach 322,000. About a third of China's population will have been infected by then, IHME Director Christopher Murray said. China's national health authority has not reported any official COVID deaths since the lifting of COVID restrictions. Based on China's population of 1.41 billion, and without measures such as a mass vaccination booster campaign, that amounts to 964,400 deaths. China's National Health Commission said on Friday it was ramping up vaccinations and building stocks of ventilators and essential drugs.
"For years, everybody assumed that the health benefits of physical activity required at least 10 minutes," she said. Previous research from the University of Sydney has also found that vigorous physical activity is associated with lower rates of heart disease. A 2019 study also determined that stair climbing was associated with a lower risk of death among older men. Current U.S. guidelines say adults need 150 minutes of moderate physical activity per week, such as brisk walking, riding a bike or playing tennis. "There are just so many ways you can incorporate physical activity into a normal lifestyle," DiPietro said.
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